GC/MS analysis and influence environmental condition on essential oil, physiological and biochemical parameters in Ferula gummosa Boiss

Medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites that make up the composition of many drugs. The essential oil and physiological parameters of Ferula gummosa Boiss were evaluated in this study. A GC/MS analysis of the plant essential oil accounted for ۱۱۵ compounds in different plant parts (leaf, root, and resin). The monoterpenes were mainly extractive compositions, and the lowest quantity belonged to sesquiterpenes. β-pinene, α-pinene, and limoncnc were detected as the major compounds of the oil. Under these environmental conditions, the protein content was reduced in the leaf, and higher antioxidant enzyme activity, proline content, and photosynthetic pigments were reported in the younger plant.In contrast, older plants exposed to environmental stresses showed significant increases in H۲O۲, MDA, and phenolic compounds. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a significant correlation between some physiological parameters in the plant. The results showed that plant age, ecological conditions, organ type, and developmental stage were important in the measured parameters.