A pilot study on the removal of ammonia from aqueous solution using the integration of struvite synthesis and breakpoint chlorination

سال انتشار: 1402
نوع سند: مقاله ژورنالی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 63

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شناسه ملی سند علمی:

JR_AET-9-2_001

تاریخ نمایه سازی: 28 تیر 1402

چکیده مقاله:

Herein, a pilot study on the removal of ammonia from surface water using the integration of struvite precipitation and breakpoint chlorination is reported. A two staged pilot plant with a capacity of ۱۰۰۰ liters (۱ m۳) per run (LPR) was utilized, of which Stage ۱ comprised struvite precipitation and Stage ۲ comprised breakpoint chlorination. Optimum conditions (i.e., Stage ۱) for struvite precipitation were ۱۱۰ mg/L of Mg and P dosage (concentration), ۱۵۰ rpm of mixing speed, ۶۰ minutes of contact time, and lastly, ۱۲۰ minutes of sedimentation, while optimum condition for the breakpoint chlorination (i.e., Stage ۲) were ۳۰ minutes of mixing and an ۸:۱ Cl۲-NH۴+ weight ratio. The synergistic effects of this hybrid system proved to be effective, with Stage ۱ increasing the pH from ۶.۸ to ۱۰.۱, reducing Mn (≥۹۷.۰%) and Fe (≥۹۹.۶%) concentrations steeply, and concomitantly deactivated E coli and TPC to ≥ ۹۹% and ≥۹۱%, respectively, while ammonia was reduced from ۵.۴ mg/L to ۲.۷ mg/L-N (۵۱.۸ %). In Stage ۲, i.e., breakpoint chlorination, ammonia was reduced from ۲.۷ mg/L to ۰.۰۲ mg/L-N whilst fully depleting residual microorganisms. Finally, the OPEX amounted to ۰.۳۱/m۳; however, there is a potential for cost savings (≈۵۳.۲%) by replacing Kh۲PO۴ with waste phosphoric acid. Lastly, the results from this techno-economic evaluation study showed great potential compared to similar technologies, making this approach a game-changer towards the prudent management of elevated levels of ammonia amongst other problematic contaminants.

کلیدواژه ها:

Operational expenditure (OPEX) analysis ، hybrid approach ، struvite synthesis ، breakpoint chlorination ، ammonia removal ، Calcium hypochlorite (HTH) ، Real surface water treatment

نویسندگان

Muyahavho Mugwili

Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, South Africa

Frans Waanders

Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, South Africa

Vhahangwele Masindi

Magalies Water, Scientific Services, Research & Development Division, South Africa

Elvis Fosso-Kankeu

Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology (CSET), University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, South Africa

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