Battery aging calculation of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle using a semi-empirical model

Nowadays, increasing the number of vehicles has caused many problems, such as air pollution and reducing fossil fuels. As a result, hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have received more attention due to fuel consumption and air pollution reduction. One of the most significant challenges these vehicles should overcome is the increase in the total cost resulting from incorporating new components, such as electric motor and battery. Thus, in recent studies, energy management and sizing optimization of HEVs and PHEVs have received more attention. Among the components that affect the vehicle's performance, the battery is more important due to its high initial cost, limited lifespan, and replacement cost imposed by its degradation. However, researchers have paid less attention to it in their studies. Thus, this paper aims to calculate the capacity fade of a PHEV battery during operation using a semi-empirical battery life model. For this purpose, based on experimental data, the vehicle powertrain system was first modeled and simulated in the integrated Simulink/Advisor environment. To model the vehicle's battery, an equivalent circuit model (ECM) is used. Then, using a cycle life model, the degradation of the battery over a driving cycle was calculated. According to the results, the battery capacity decreases by ۰.۰۶ percent per driving cycle, which indicates that after approximately one year, it would degrade and need to be replaced.