Numerical and mathematical calculation of forces, bending moments and determining the life Cycle of Steel rings in cement producing rotary kilns

The cement rotary kiln is the most important part of the cement factory where cement clinker is produced. The cement rotary kiln is a time-varying, non-linear parameter system whose non-linear and dynamic behavior leads to its chemical interactions. At the beginning of the industrial production of cement, furnaces similar to brick kilns and lime kilns were used. In this field, a lot of energy was used and a lot of manpower was used. The first rotary kilns had a diameter of about ۱.۸ to ۲ meters and a length of ۲۰ to ۲۵ meters, while they only had the capacity to produce about ۳۰ to ۵۰ tons per day. Although at that time this invention was a turning point for the cement industry, many years passed before the rotary kiln was actually used and operated. In this research, the cement rotary kiln and its components, loads on the kiln, rings in the rotary kiln, fatigue cracks, fatigue crack growth, and then the studies conducted in this regard have been investigated .