PI۳K/Akt signaling pathway impacts on neural stem cells and its relevant mechanisms

All neurons and glial cells within the brain and spinal cord originate from neural stemcells (NSCs), therefore, they are widespread through embryonic development, whilecorrelating with rapid development of neural tissues. NSCs can be affected by the impacts ofalternations in the surrounding microenvironment. These changes can be both intrinsic andextrinsic. NSCs are known for their considerable self-renewal capacity, replicative potential,and differentiation ability. Furtherly, the PI۳K/Akt pathway which has significant roles inmany biological processes, such as cell cycle progression, cell growth, survival, andmigration, can affect NSCs cellular behaviors. PI۳K/Akt activation is vital to maintain humanNSCs’ survival, differentiation, and proliferation, and in this paper, it is indicated thatPI۳K/Akt inhibition, can lead to a meaningful impact on differentiated neurons reduction.PI۳K/Akt signaling can apply its impacts through various pathways and via correlation withother targets comprising ERK, S۶K, L-NBP, FPRs, GDF۱۱, etc. In this review, we discussthese pathways and their relevant impacts on different kinds of NSCs. Studying NSCs-relatedsignaling mechanisms can be considerable for the success of clinical methods targeting thesecells.