Chronology and Typology of Wallpaper in the World until the ۱۹th Century A.D. and the Encounter of Qajar Courtiers with it
محل انتشار: فصلنامه پیکره، دوره: 13، شماره: 35
سال انتشار: 1403
نوع سند: مقاله ژورنالی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 26
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شناسه ملی سند علمی:
JR_PYKR-13-35_003
تاریخ نمایه سازی: 8 اردیبهشت 1403
چکیده مقاله:
Introduction: Wallpaper is one of the oldest and the most widely used decorations of interior architecture in the world, which has undergone numerous changes so far. Also, besides the evolution in the methods of producing, implementing, and renovating, as well as the complexity and ambiguity of the developments related to this decoration, the sources of its evolution and production methods have been limited and scattered. At the same time, how wallpaper entered Iran, the pioneers of wallpaper in Iran, and their style of choosing types of wallpaper have been largely neglected. The questions of the present research are: "Who are the pioneers of wallpaper in the world and Iran?", "How was the Qajar courtiers' encounter with wallpaper technology?", and "In the evolution of wallpaper, what factors directed this industry to reach its present form?"Research Method: The present research is conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, and its data collection is based on the field, library, and internet sources.Findings: The results show that despite the distinct opinions of researchers, in the middle of the ۱۵th century, the French pioneered the use of wallpaper in today's sense. The variety in design, color, implementation, and installation could transform it from a worthless product to a product that is a sign of aristocracy and luxury, and therefore, it was used in the homes of kings, courtiers, and merchants in Europe and Iran during the Qajar period. Naser al-Din Shah was the first addressee of this product in Iran. After him, the Qajar courtiers used imported wallpapers to satisfy the sense of modernity and keep pace with the global style. Another finding of the present study is the extent of the design, motif, technique, and space used for wallpaper in Wathiq Ansari's house, which has turned this collection into a wallpaper treasure of the Qajar period.Conclusion: China (due to the invention of paper and its various uses) and France (due to inventions and progress in wallpaper production until the ۱۹th century) can be considered the founders of wallpaper. Concerning the coincidence of the Naesri era with the popularity of wallpaper in the Victorian period, it can be said that the use of wallpaper in Iran by the Qajar court reflects the global taste and the political-social conditions of this era.
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نویسندگان
زهرا بابائی کله مسیحی
M.A of Islamic Art, Faculty of Handicrafts, Art University of Isfahan,, Isfahan, Iran.
ملیکا یزدانی
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Handicrafts, Art University of Isfahan,, Isfahan, Iran.
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