Influence of salicylic acid nano-formulation on expression of peroxidase (۱۱۳-۱۱۴) genes and peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in wheat cultivar susceptible to Heterodera filipjevi

The effects of salicylic acid (SA) nano-formulation on expression of peroxidase (۱۱۳-۱۱۴) genes and peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were investigated in wheat cultivar (Bezostaya) susceptible to Heterodera filipjevi. The wheat roots and leaves were randomly divided into control group and groups exposed to ۶۲.۵, ۱۲۵ and ۲۵۰μg/ml SA. A spectrophotometric analysis was carried out using root extracts from infected plants at ۴, ۷ and ۱۱days post inoculation with nematode (DAI) for peroxidase and PAL. The expression of peroxidase (۱۱۳-۱۱۴) genes was evaluated by Real time PCR analysis. Peroxidase activity was significantly increased in treatments exposed to ۲۵۰µg/ml of nanosalicylic acid at ۱۱ DAI. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity was induced in the treatments exposed to ۲۵۰ and ۱۲۵µg/ml nanosalicylic acid compared to the control at ۴ and ۷ DAI, respectively. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity was also increased in the treatments exposed to ۶۲.۵ and ۲۵۰µg/ml of nanosalicylic acid compared to the control at ۷ DAI. The expression level of peroxidase ۱۱۳-۱۱۴ in wheat leaves was significantly raised at ۴ DAI when ۶۲.۵µg/ml of nanosalicylic acid was used. There was also a significant difference between expression levels of peroxidase ۱۱۳-۱۱۴ genes at applications of ۱۲۵ and ۲۵۰µg/ml of SA in comparison with the control at ۴ and ۷ DAI, a significant decrease was revealed in the gene expression in treatments exposed to ۶۲.۵, ۱۲۵ and ۲۵۰µg/ml of nanosalicylic acid compared to the control at ۱۱ DAI. It was concluded that higher concentrations of nanosalicylic acid have a potential effect on peroxidase and PAL activities in wheat infected by H. filipjevi. High concentration of nanosalicylic acid has inhibitory effects on the expression level of peroxidase gene.