Conductive polymer composite with MgMn۲O۴ as a cathodein magnesium-ion battery

Magnesium ion batteries (MIBs) possess numerous advantages, including a high theoreticalvolumetric energy density of ۳۸۳۳ mAh/mL, low reduction potential, high gravimetric capacity of۲۲۰۵ mAh/g, alongside a lower tendency for anodic dendrite formation, which alleviates one ofthe key safety concerns associated with Li-ion batteries [۱,۲]. while practical applications areseverely hampered by the lack of suitable cathodes because of strong polarization effect of Mg۲+that cause slow diffusion rate [۳]. MIBs in the combination with the redox active polymerspossesses attractive electrochemical properties as a future battery technology. This concept hasbeen demonstrated by using quinone based polymers [۴,۵]. Here, we synthesized a conductivepolymer composite of MgMn۲O۴/polyaniline (MMP) via self-template method as cathode forMIBs. Their electrochemical activity was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) andgalvanostatic charge/discharge procedures. The MMP cathode displays the highest specificcapacity of ۲۳۲ mA h g-۱ at ۰.۵ A g-۱ and the capacity retention of ۷۳% after over ۲۵۰ cycles. Ourwork demonstrates that MMP is a promising cathode for MIBs, which may offer new insight forthe development for high-performance MIBs. In order to analyze the structure of the synthesizedcathodes and the stability of the capacity of pure MMO, Pani and MMP, the cells were prepared inthe potential range of -۰.۶ to ۱.۲ with respect to the reference Ag/AgCl electrode in The currentdensity of the ۰.۵ A.g-۱ has been tested. It is charging and discharging performance has beenevaluated during ۲۵۰ cycles. The charge and discharge profile diagrams of each sample is given inFig۸. As shown in Fig۸, the pure sample of MMO is activated after ۱۰ cycles and then begins todecrease capacity with a sharp slope. This is while MMP high initial capacity is obtained, which isactivated after ۱۰ charge and discharge cycles, but the trend of changes decreases with a lowerslope. Table ۱ summarizes these studies in terms of current density, capacity,capacity maintenance,and cyclic performance.